Service – based companies and Product – based companies
Service – based companies: -
They
provide service and develop software for other companies
They
provide software which is and specified as per the client company’s requirement
and never keep the code of the developed product and does not provide the
software to any other company other than the client company.
Ex
– Wipro, Infosys, TCS, Accenture
Product – based companies :-
The
develop software products and sell it to many companies which may need the
software and make profits for themselves
They
are the sole owners of the product they develop and the code used and sell it
to other companies which may need the software.
Ex
– Oracle, Microsoft
Why developer not involve in testing?
1)Developer
wants to create positive manner application not to negative manner and don’t
want to break application.
2)Over
confidence due to developer don’t found the defect.
3)Due
to hurry of complete project they do not test project.
Spiral Model:-
1)Whenever
there is interdependency (one application depend on other application)between
module we go for spiral model.
2)The
same activities are repeated till the entire software is build.
3)Four
phases :-Request gathering ,design, coding and testing.
4)Example:-
The MS-Excel sheet consists of a number of cells that are the components of
Excel sheet. Here we have to create the cells first (module A). Then we can do
operations on the cells like merge cells into two , split cell into half
(module B ). Then we can draw graphs on the excel sheet (module C).
The
module A – requirements of the module is collected first and then the module is
designed. The coding of module A is done after which it is tested for defects
and bugs.
The
module B – once module A has been built, we start the same process for module
B. But while testing module B, we test for 3 conditions – a)test module B
b)test integration of module B with A c)test module A.
The
module C – after building module A,B, we start the same process for module C.
Here we test for the following conditions – 1) test module c, b, a 2) test for
integration of C and B, C and A, A and B.
Why we test old
module?
Adding
a new module there is a chance that creates defects in old module that’s we
test old module.
Changes
are two types 1)Major:-changes in
application upto 10-100(90% changes)
2)Minor :- Changes in application (10-20%
changes)
Basic Duty’s of Tester:-
1)To
find the maximum number of defects.
2)Check
whether application is working according to requirement.
Applications of Spiral
Model:-
-
whenever there is dependency in building the different modules of the software,
then we use Spiral Model.
-whenever
the customer gives the requirements in stages, we develop the product in
stages.
When use:-
Project is large
Users are unsure of their needs.
Requirements are complex.
Project is large
Users are unsure of their needs.
Requirements are complex.
Advantageous:-
Requirement changes are allowed.
Application is visible to customer.
There is space for customer feedback.
Additional functionality can be added at a later date.
Requirement changes are allowed.
Application is visible to customer.
There is space for customer feedback.
Additional functionality can be added at a later date.
Disadvantageous:-
Documentation is more as it has intermediate phases.
Spiral may go infinitely.
Documentation is more as it has intermediate phases.
Spiral may go infinitely.
