Q1) Attempt any Eight of the following. [8×2=16]
1.What is the use of abstract
class?
· An abstract class is a
class that contains at least one abstract method.
· An abstract method is a
method that is declared, but not implemented in the code.
· An abstract class or
method is defined with the abstract keyword. An abstract class is
a class that
cannot be instantiated.
· Typically, an abstract
defines an interface for other classes to extend.
· An abstract
class is used to extend a class that imports public, private, protected,
and abstract methods.
· Every abstract methods
defined in the abstract class must be implemented inside the extended class.
This is useful when we need to define a common structure between different
classes.
2.What is
the $_Server variable?
$_SERVER is a PHP super
global variable which holds information about headers, paths, and script
locations
<?php
echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];
?>
3.Enlist XML element.
XML elements can be defined
as building blocks of an XML. Elements can behave as containers to hold text,
elements, attributes, media objects or all of these.
Syntax
Following is the syntax to write an XML
element –
<element-name attribute1
attribute2>
....content
</element-name>
where,
·
element-name is
the name of the element. The name its case in the start and end tags
must match.
·
attribute1,
attribute2 are attributes of the element separated by white spaces. An
attribute defines a property of the element.
3.What are different technologies
are used in Ajax?
Ajax is not a technology but group of
inter-related technologies.
AJAX technologies
includes:
HTML/XHTML and CSS
These technologies are used for displaying
content and style. It is mainly used for presentation.
DOM
It is used for dynamic display and
interaction with data.
XML or JSON
For carrying data to and from server. JSON
(Javascript Object Notation) is like XML but short and faster than XML.
XMLHttpRequest
For asynchronous
communication between client and server. For more visit next
page.
JavaScript
It is used to bring above technologies
together. Independently, it is used mainly for client-side validation.
4.What is Web Service?
A Web Service is can be defined by
following ways:
- It is a client-server application or application component
for communication.
- The method of communication between two devices over the
network.
- It is a software system for the interoperable machine to
machine communication.
- It is a collection of standards or protocols for exchanging
information between two devices or application.
- Web services are XML-based information
exchange systems that use the Internet for direct
application-to-application interaction. These systems can include
programs, objects, messages, or documents.
5.What is content Management
system.
·
A Content Management System is a software application used to
create and design the web content online. It allows the users to manage the
digital content easily by providing access to features like database handling,
smart reporting, archiving, designing and animation features etc.
·
A content management system (CMS) is a software application that
enables users to create, edit, collaborate on, publish and store digital
content. CMS stands for Content Management System.
·
CMS is computer software used to edit, create, modify and publish
digital content. Earlier, CMS software was used to manage computer documents
and file, but now it is designed to help in managing the content of the web
pages.
6. Define UDDI
UDDI is an XML-based
standard for describing, publishing, and finding
web services.
·
UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration.
·
UDDI is a specification for a distributed registry of web services.
·
UDDI is a platform-independent, open framework.
·
UDDI can communicate via SOAP, CORBA, Java RMI Protocol.
7.What is PHP frame work.
·
A PHP framework is built on the open-source language PHP and offers
built-in features to improve your software development lifecycle.
·
These features increase development speed and improve performance within
your team by lowering the workload of your developers.
·
PHP has been around for many years, and as a result, it is extremely
robust.
·
A PHP framework
is a platform which allows a web developer to develop the web application.
·
In simple
words, it provides a structure to develop web application.
8. Define Template of object
oriented
In PHP,
templates are commonly used to create reusable layouts and to generate
HTML content dynamically based on user input or other dynamic data. At a high
level, templates in PHP allow you to define a layout or structure for your web
pages and then fill in the content dynamically using PHP code.
9.State the purpose of Extend
Keyword.
The extends keyword is used to derive a class from another
class. This is called inheritance. A derived class has all of the public and
protected properties of the class that it is derived from.
<?php
class MyClass {
public function hello() {
echo "Hello World!";
}
}
class AnotherClass extends MyClass {
}
$obj = new AnotherClass();
$obj->hello();
?>
10.What is Class?
A
class is defined by using the class keyword, followed by the
name of the class and a pair of curly braces ({}).A class is a template for
objects, and an object is an instance of class.
- The
class name should start with an alphabet.
- The
class name should not be a reserved PHP keyword.
- The
class name should not contain any spaces.
11.What is $_ REQUEST variable?
PHP $_REQUEST is a PHP super global variable which is used to
collect data after submitting an HTML form.
<html>
<body>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">
Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit">
</form>
<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
// collect value of input field
$name = $_REQUEST['fname'];
if (empty($name)) {
echo "Name is empty";
} else {
echo $name;
}
}
?>
</body>
</html>
12.What is Serialization?
The serialize() function converts a storable
representation of a value. To serialize data means to convert a value to a
sequence of bits, so that it can be stored in a file, a memory buffer, or
transmitted across a network.
<html>
<body>
<?php
$data =
serialize(array("Red", "Green", "Blue"));
echo $data;
?>
</body>
</html>
serialize() returns a
string containing a byte-stream representation of any value that can be stored
in PHP. unserialize() can use this string to recreate the original
variable values.
13.What is Document object Model
in PHP?
The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming API for HTML
and XML documents. It defines the logical structure of documents and the way a
document is accessed and manipulated.
1.
DOMNode::appendChild()
- Adds new child at the end of the children.
2.
DOMDocument::createAttribute()
- Create new attribute.
3.
DOMDocument::createAttributeNS()
- Create new attribute node with an associated namespace.
4.
DOMDocument::createCDATASection()
- Create new cdata node.
14.Describe any two content management system software.
·
WordPress
Development
WordPress
is the most popular free open source blogging tool as well as a content
management system based on PHP. It has become the standard for a website that’s
both functional and pleasant to browse. WordPress is having wide variety of
styles, design flexibility, reliable, secure and pleasant to work. It is one of
the most user friendly CMS and it offers simple flow to integrate theme,
widgets and plugins. WordPress users have the option to build a site of any
context, eCommerce, business, community, healthcare, travel, creative,
non-profit and so forth. SSTech System a pioneer PHP application development
company, specializes in WordPress development and have created numerous stunning,
user-friendly websites across all industry verticals.
WordPress
is a popular target for hackers because of its high circulation, so users’
needs to update their WordPress software fairly regularly with security
updates. These updates come out fast after security incidents and aren’t always
compatible with all the extensions that are required for effective use of the
software. Software updates can be associated with considerable administrative
efforts, in case of large projects.
WordPress
is good for small and simple structured websites, especially for bloggers, who
want to provide their visitors with frequent changing content in attractive
layouts.
If
you are looking for a stable website operation, WordPress places a high demands
on server comparatively as your visitor traffic increases. Users who want to
develop complex multi-domain projects with a multi-lingual focus should choose
a CMS.
·
Joomla
Development
Joomla
development is bit of a challenge at least in terms of coding power than
WordPress. It is the second biggest agent in the CMS market with 2.5 million
installation worldwide. It’s code base is much more sophisticated than that of
WordPress. Joomla is an open source content management system to build
powerful websites and online template based application. Medium to large sized
sites can be built with the help of Joomla framework. It offers themes and
templates for user friendly actions.
Joomla
divides extensions into plugins, components and modules. These can be used in
the backend as well as the front end, which is sometimes irritating to users.
Extensions are not always available for free.
People
using Joomla are quite fond of features like native front-end content editing,
content management flexibility, and a native integration of multiple languages
which makes the sites content more friendly towards visitors of foreign nature.
·
Drupal
Drupal
is an open source content management system which is distributed under the
general public license. It is generally use to build very flexible
eCommerce websites and web based applications.
Drupal
comes with an extremely lean basic installation, that can be extended quite a
bit by modules. It offers extensive opportunities for customization with its
modular layout. Drupal is suited for small and medium sized projects. The large
spectrum of extensions makes it feasible to implement company portals with
complex multi-domain structures. The administration of a CMS core with
extensions requires expertise and instinct. If the basic functions of the
software are not sufficient, then additional modules will have to be installed
manually via FTP. It can be a complex process. Updating extensions is at times
difficult, as these are not always compatible with the backend. The CMS boasts
a flexible, modular system for dynamic platforms based on user generated
content.
Drupal
has been accepted as a primary content management platform by a lot of engineer
and developer as it goes even deeper into the architecture of the content
management system itself, and it is widely adapted to professional coding
standards. It offers more than 30,000+ extendable modules to take your site to
a whole new level, as well as 2,000+ individual and unique themes that will
help to build the site that you’ve always wanted to build. It is use to build very
flexible eCommerce websites and web applications.
·
Magento
Magento
is the best choice to opt for an independent eCommerce platform altogether,
whether it is for a small business solution in an environment where nobody
really understand technology
15.State the purpose of Final
Keyword?
- In PHP, Final keyword is applicable to only class and class
methods. We cannot declare as Final in PHP.
- So if we declare class method as a Final then that method
cannot be override by the child class.
- Same as method if we declare class as a Final then that class
cannot be extended any more.
Example 1
<?php
class base
{
final public function dis1()
{
echo "Base class..";
}
}
class derived extends base
{
public function dis1()
{
echo "derived class";
}
}
$obj = new derived();
$obj->dis1();
?>
16.What is meaning of Self
Processing form?
PHP
self-processing form. Sometimes, you want to include both form and logic
for handling form submission in a single PHP file. This form is often referred
to as a self-processing form. To create a self-processing form, you can use the
$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] that returns the request method e.g., GET or POST .
$_SERVER[‘PHP_SELF’]: The $_SERVER[“PHP_SELF”] is a
super global variable that returns the filename of the currently executing
script. It sends the submitted form data to the same page, instead of jumping
on a different page.
17.What is AJAX Script?
AJAX = Asynchronous
JavaScript and XML.
AJAX is a technique for
creating fast and dynamic web pages.
AJAX allows web pages
to be updated asynchronously by exchanging small amounts of data with the
server behind the scenes. This means that it is possible to update parts of a
web page, without reloading the whole page.
Classic web pages,
(which do not use AJAX) must reload the entire page if the content should
change.
Examples of
applications using AJAX: Google Maps, Gmail, Youtube, and Facebook tabs.
18. What is Introspection ?
Introspection is the ability of a program to examine an object's characteristics, such as its name, parent class (if any), properties, and methods.
|
Function |
Description |
|
class_exists() |
Checks whether a class has been defined. |
|
et_class() |
Returns the class name of an object. |
|
get parent_class() |
Returns the class name of a Return object's parent class. |
|
is_subclass_of() |
Checks whether an object has a given parent class. |
|
get_declared_classes() |
Returns a list of all declared classes. |
|
get_class_methods() |
Returns the names of the class methods. |
|
get_class_vars() |
Returns the default properties of a class |
|
interface_exists() |
Checks whether the interface is defined. |
|
method_exists() |
Checks whether an object defines a method. |
19. What is Inheritance ?
·
It is a
concept of accessing the features of one class from another class. If we
inherit the class features into another class, we can access both class
properties. We can extends the features of a class by using 'extends' keyword.
·
It supports
the concept of hierarchical classification.
·
Inheritance
has three types, single, multiple and multilevel Inheritance.
·
PHP supports
only single inheritance, where only one class can be derived from
single parent class.
·
We can
simulate multiple inheritance by using interfaces.
<?php
class a
{
function fun1()
{
echo "javatpoint";
}
}
class b extends a
{
function fun2()
{
echo "SSSIT";
}
}
$obj= new b();
$obj->fun1();
?>
20.What is Interfaces ?
·
An interface is similar to a class except that it cannot
contain code.
·
An interface can define method names and arguments, but not
the contents of the methods.
·
Any classes implementing an interface must implement all
methods defined by the interface.
·
A class can implement multiple interfaces.
·
An interface is declared using the "interface" keyword.
·
Interfaces can't maintain Non-abstract methods.
<?php
interface a
{
public function dis1();
}
interface b
{
public function dis2();
}
class demo implements a,b
{
public function dis1()
{
echo "method 1...";
}
public function dis2()
{
echo "method2...";
}
}
$obj= new demo();
$obj->dis1();
$obj->dis2();
?>
21.
What is Encapsulation ?
Encapsulation
is a concept where we encapsulate all the data and member
functions together to form an object.
Wrapping
up data member and method together into a single unit is called
Encapsulation.
Encapsulation also allows a class to change its
internal implementation without hurting the overall functioning of the
system.
Binding the data with the code that manipulates it.
It keeps the data and the code safe from external
interference.
<?php
class person
{
public $name;
public $age;
function __construct($n, $a)
{
$this->name=$n;
$this->age=$a;
}
public function setAge($ag)
{
$this->ag=$ag;
}
public function display()
{
echo "welcome ".$this->name."<br/>";
return $this->age-$this->ag;
}
}
$person=new person("sonoo",28);
$person->setAge(1);
echo "You are ".$person->display()." years old";
?>
